Electrical system of distribution.



W. A. TURBAYNE.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION mzo FEB. 15. 1910. RENEWED mi 3. 1913.

1,141,506. Patented June 1, 1915.

(J woe who I, 4 IMAM (1 31 33W i w UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE, OF LANCASTER, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR T0 GOULD COUPLER COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF n nc'rnrcnr. sYs Em or n s nmUTIoN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J mm 1, 1915.

Application filed February 15, 1910, Serial No- 544,027. Renewed June 3, 1913. Serial No. 771,551.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. Tuna BAYNE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Lancaster, in the county of Erie, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Systems of Distribution, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in electrical systems of distribution and more especially to car lighting systems in which the main generator is driven by the movement of the car and in which automatic means is employed to re ulate and properly control the voltage of t e main generator.

One object of my invention is to provide a system in which the voltage of the main generator may be controlled substantially to any predetermined value and in which its departures from such predetermined value or values are caused to be nil or im-- material. In order to bring about this advantage I use a vibrating regulator responsive to voltage variations and provide the same with novel and improved means by which the variations in the attractive force of the armature may beproperly compensated for as the armature moves toward or away from its controlling coil.

Further objects, features and advantages will. more clearly appear from the detailed description given below taken in connection with the accompanying drawing which shows a preferred form of my improvements and which forms a part of this specification.

In the drawing which shows diagrammatically a system embodying one form of my invention 1 represents a main generator driven at a variable speed by the movement of the car as by the car axle.

2 represents an auxiliary dynamo drlyen from the same shaft as the generator 1 and connected in series to oppose the shunt field 3 of the generator 1. The main generator 1 is arranged to feed a work circuit 4 and storage battery 5 through .the means 6 and 7. Connected in series in the means 7 1S a switch 8 arranged to make electrical connection between the contacts 9 when the voltage of the generator reaches a predetermined value. This switch may be operated in any well known manner so that it closes when the voltage of the generator becomes sufficient to charge the storage battery 5. The auxiliary dynamo 2 is provided with a field 10 having one end connected to the conductor 7 while its other terminal is connected to the negative side of the battery through the resistance 11. 12 represents the core of an electromagnet upon which is wound a coil 13 connected in series with the battery 5. Also wound upon the core 12 is a coil 14 which is connected across the mains 6 and 7 by means of a conductor 15. In series with the coil 14 and in the circuit 15 is a suitable resistance 16. Connected to the circuit 15 between the resistance 16 and the coil 14 is a conductor 17 whose other end is connected to the vibrating armature 18. A contact 19 is provided for the armature 18 and connected to the contact 19 is a conductor 20 having its other end connected to the negative end of the field '10.

In operation when the dynamo 1 is started up the battery 5 furnishes current to the coil 10 through the conductor 6, enerator l, coil 10 and resistance 11. his excites the machine 2 in such a way that it aids the field 3 in building up, thus causing the main generator 1 to quickly build up. As soon, however, as the main generator produces sufiicient voltage to charge the battery the main switch 8 is closed in a well known manner. The resistance 11 prevents a needless waste of current through the coil 10. The closing of the switch 8 short-circuits the field coil 10 and resistance 11, so that the field coil now gives practically no excitation in the dynamo 2; When the voltage of the main generator or the system rises above a predetermined value, determined by the condition of the spring 21, the strength of the coil 14 will be suflicient to cause the core 12 to attract the armature 18 and thereby connect the field coil 10 of the auxiliary dynamo 2 directly across the main circuit 6, 7 This energizes the coil 10 in an opposite direction from that in which it was energized initially by the battery. This causes the dynamo 2 to act as a counter-machine or as an opposing source of electromotive force in series with ,the field windings 3 which cuts down their action so as to bring the voltage of ,the generator back to the said predetermined value. Immediately the voltage has dropped to the predetermined value the spring 21 will cause the armature 18 to be retracted whereupon the volt-- age will tend to rise. However, upon a very slight rise of voltage again the armature'18 is attracted by the solenoid so that the voltage is again reduced. These actions will be repeated periodically and by adjustment of the spring 21 the generator may be held at substantially any desired voltage Whether the translating devices be in circuit or not. shunted by resistance 11 the magnetizing current through the coil 10 will rise and fall gradually so that the voltage of the generator will be held substantially steady and, furthermore, the contact 19 and the contact 22 on the armature 18 will not be subjected to harmful s arking. A suitable stop 23 may be provi ed for limiting the upward movement of the armature 18.

The series coil 13 in the battery circuit acts to aid the voltage coil 14 when the battery is charging, and, therefore, tends to cause a reduction of the generator voltage. The coil 13 may be so designed that any desired initial rate of charge may be given the battery. As the voltage of the battery rises, due to its becoming charged, the current in the coil 13 will tend to decrease, thereby decreasing the strength of the solenoid so that the voltage of the main generator will be slightly increased. This tends to cause the generator to bring the battery charging current back to its normal value but in order to do this the voltage of the main generator must be slightly increased, which in turn increases the effect of the coil 14. This increase in the effect of the coil 14, therefore, causes a less current to flow in the battery circuit and upon further charging the battery, the battery charging current in the circuit is gradually decreased thus producing a tapering charging current therefor.

In order that the armature 18 may be responsive to even the slightest variation in voltage of the generator 1 or circuit 6, 7, and may not be afiected by variations in the attractive force due to the distance between it and the core -12, I have included the resistance 16. Thus when the armature 18 is attracted and comes nearer the core 12 the attractive force thereof is considerably greater. When, however, the armature 18 makes contact with the contact 14 considerably more current is taken through the resistance 16, in order to properly excite the field 10. This increase in current in the resistance 16 causes a larger drop of voltage across the resistance 16, so that a smaller drop in voltage must necessarily occur across the coil 14. This smaller drop in voltage across coil 14 causes a small current therein, so that the core 12 is weakened just sufliciently to allow the armature 18 to be retracted by the spring 21 upon even the Since the coil 10 is slightest departure from the predetermined voltage. In a similar manner when the armature 18 is retracted by the spring 21 the circuit 20 is again opened so that the drop across the resistance 16 is again decreased, thus causing an increase of current in the coil 14, so that the attractive force of the armature 18 is again compensated for and it will again operate upon even the slightest departure from the predetermined voltage.

By my improvements the generator is so regulated that its voltage practically never departs from the predetermined 'value or values desired. The adjustment can be made almost anything desired. This allows of a most efiicient and economical operation of the system and renders it extremely simple and effective and economical in construction.

'Although I have described my improvements in great detail nevertheless I do not desire to be limited thereto except as hereinafter specified in the claims, since many modifications and changes may Well be made within the spirit and scope of my invention without departing therefrom. But

Having clearly and fully described my improvements what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an electrical system of distribution, a variable speed generator and its field, a work circuit and storage battery connected to be fed in parallel thereby, an opposing auxiliary dynamo arranged to regulate the field of the generator, a controlling field coil on the auxiliary dynamo connected in a circuit across the generator, a resistance in series with said coil, a vibrating armature and contact arranged to open and close said last mentioned circuit, and a coil in shunt to said contact and dynamo field for magnetically controlling said vibrating armature, so that upon the closing of the armature and contact the attraction of said last mentioned coil will be decreased to properly compensate for the variations in the attractive force of the armature.

2. In an electrical system of distribution, a generator driven at a variable speed, and means for regulating the voltage of the generator, said means including a main regulating coil and its circuit, a resistance in series with said coil, a vibrating armature and contact arranged to open and close said circuit, and a coil in shunt to said contact and coil for controlling said vibrating armature, so that upon the closing of the armature and contact the attraction of said last mentioned coil will be decreased to properly compensate, for the variations in the attractive force of the armature.

3. The combination of a circuit to be regulated, means for regulating said circuit, a

a vibrating armature and contact arranged to open and close said circuit, and a coil in shunt to said contact and coil for controlling said vibrating armature, so that upon the closing of the armature and contact the attraction of said last mentioned coil will be decreased to properly compensate for the variations in the attractive force of the armature.

4. The combination of a circuit to be regulated, means for re lating said circuit, a main controlling coiflnd its circuit for said means, a vibratin armature and contact for opening and c osing said circuit, a coil controlling the vibrations of said armature, and a resistance so connected in series with both coils that when said circuit is closed the voltage across the resistance is varied, said resistance being also so arranged that variations in the voltage thereacross will produce variations in the strength of said last mentioned coil to properly compensate for variations in the attractive force of said armature as it moves toward or away from its controlling coil.

5. The combination of a circuit to be regulated, means for regulating said circuit, a controlling coil and its circuit for said means, an electromagnet, a contact and a vibrating armature cooperating therewith and operated by said electromagnet for opening and closing said last mentioned circuit, the periodicity of the vibrations of the armature thereby determinin the regulation of the circuit to be regu ated, and a resistance adapted to be connected in circuit by movement of said armature, said resistance being connected in circuit with windings on the electromagent, to cause the armature to be attracted with greater force when withdrawn from the magent to compensate for variations in the attractive force of the armature.

6. The combination of a circuit to be regulated, means for regulating said circuit and means for controllin said regulating means, comprising a regu ating circuit, an electromagnet, a contact, a vibrating armature operated by said electromagnet and adapted to control the regulating circuit, and a resistance connected in circuit with windings on the electromagnet and adapted to be connected in circuit with said contact by movement of said armature to cause the armature to be attracted with greater force when withdrawn from the magnet to compensate for variations in the attractive force of the armature.

7 The combination of a circuit to be regulated, means for regulating said circuit and means for controlling said regulating means comprising a vibrating contact, an electromagnet for causing the vibrations of said contact, a resistance in circuit with windings on the electromagnet and electrical connections whereby the potential drop across said resistance is varied by the vibrations of said contact to cause the armature to be attracted with greater force when withdrawn from the magnet to compensate for variations in the attractive force of the electromagnet.

8. Electrical regulating means comprising a vibrating contact, an electromagnet for causing the vibrations of said contact, a resistance in circuit with windings on the electromagnet and electrical connections whereby the potential drop across said resistance is varied by the vibrations of said contact to cause the armature to be attracted with greater force when withdrawn from the magnet to compensate for'variations in the attractive force of the electromagnet.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE.

Witnesses:

PIERCE W. ENGLISH, CHAS. C. KREITNER. 

